My own understanding is gradually improving but i still don't feel confident that i have grasped it totally. I was thinking today and out of that thinking came a thought and that thought was how about an apple? An apparently simple object but with many facets. How would Se/Si/Ne/Ni perceive the apple? What about Te/Ti/Fe/Fi?
99% of people physically perceive the world in a same way. Every person who is not colourblind, blind, schizophrenic or hallutinating sees an apple as apple is. Difference is in what thoughts are evoked by apple, or relating to apples. How they respond to an offering of apple.
Apple example is very simplified way of demonstrating the way cognitive functions work, but I try to summarize something, according to socionics theory:
Se - Examining the apple itself to determine it's external physical properties, tries to determine if the particular apple looks appealing in itself.
Affirmative example: "This apple looks nice. C'mon let me take a bite, don't be jealous!"
Negative example: "Yuck, looks like something's gone bad. Lemme throw that in the bin for ya!"
Si - First considers it's own personal preference for apple.
Affirmative example: "Apples in general are a really nice and tasty fruits. Thanks, I'd love to!"
Negative example: "No thanks, I don't like apples, they taste like water."
Ne - Goes by very first hunch, does the eating of apple seem lucrative or appealing in a current moment?
Affirmative example: "I was quite hungry anyway, I could use a little fruit. Thanks!"
Negative example: "Oh not right now, eating something would distract me too much from my work."
Ni - First considers if eating the apple would fit the personal schedule or would be purposeful.
Affirmative example: "I had a meal some hours ago, it's gonna take some time before next meal, so yeah, why not!"
Negative example: "I'm goin out for a lunch anyway, come with me, let's get something more decent than an apple!"
Te - Considers if it is a good time and a place to eat apple.
Affirmative example: "If you don't mind, I'd bring the apple to home and use it to make an apple smoothie. Thanks!"
Negative example: "Do you seriously want me to eat an apple in this 5000 dollar suit? No thanks!"
Ti - Tries to find out what kind of apple is this, and makes the choice based on that.
Affirmative example: "You bought this from the market? Those apples at the market are really fresh this time of the year, I can't refuse such a decent apple. Thanks!"
Negative example: "You bought this from the WalMart? It could be full of poisons and stuff. No thanks!"
Fe - Makes sure that the gesture is a sincere one. Then decides if it would be appropriate to accept such a gesture.
Affirmative example: "Are you sure you don't want this? Oh, but indeed, that's really kind of you, thanks!"
Negative example: "You look rather hungry yourself, why don't you keep that apple for now. Who knows, maybe you'll be hungry later on!"
Fi - Considers who the offer is coming from, and how the offer is being delivered.
Affirmative example: "Oh, really nice! I'd like to take that apple from you. Thanks!"
Negative example: "You don't really have to give me that apple, I'm fine without it. Thanks!"