This all happened on its own, exactly the way the phases are described in that article, which was amazing to me. It wasn't until about 6 mos. ago that I took an interest in cognitive functions.
Categorizing and classification!!!! Yes!! That is a great exercise for Te! As well as efficiency like @
Blue Ocean said

I ALWAYS research and check reviews on almost anything I plan to buy ahead of time. When I registered for my baby shower, I read reviews on every bottle system and went over the features of each one to decide which I wanted for my baby. Same with car seats, strollers, and not just baby stuff...TVs, cameras, video cameras, even my stools sitting at the island in my kitchen! Haha!
I have always been an organizer, like organizing my closet in order: strapless, tanks, short sleeve, long sleeve, sweaters, hoodies, dresses. I also always organized my spice cabinet and pantry into categories as well. All the little things, like my medicine cabinet, dressers, closets, etc. I have always put things into categories, so if this isn't something you do on a regular basis, try playing with it; it doesn't have to be really elaborate, just little things like I've mentioned...oh and books too! I have DVD's in an old cd book and I have them organized as: kids shows, kids misc movies, Disney movies, adult comedy, adult drama, etc. etc. basically everything in my home that could be categorized I categorize, haha! I just don't always put things back as I use them, so things get untidy and I have to go through and reorganize everything. Don't even get me started on my kids play room and toys! Holy cow, I categorize their toys so much it makes my ENTJ Husband's head spin, and he's Te Dom and LOVES Excel spreadsheets, hahaha!!!!
Sorry for the repetitiveness, but I want to explain the entire process in order...what started to happen with me was as my Ne was bringing me thoughts and ideas, I stripped them down and analyzed them to find logical reasons for my thoughts. This validated them for me and made me feel confident in them. It's kind of like dissecting and learning how to go through all the parts, categorize them, and put it all back together. It's like a reversed process for me...I get the thought or idea, and I have to dissect it to understand exactly why I believe it to be true. Once dissected, I analyze all the parts and rationalize them. I read, look up information, sometimes just contemplate on my own and I make sense of it. Once the logic is there, I can apply it to my overall thought and voila! It is gold for me

This sounds complicated, I know, but it really happens rather quickly. Some are almost instant, others take me some time. For example, I might notice a pattern in behavior of others and wonder why it is...I'll think about it and connect it to facts I already know, or I might need to dig further to make perfect sense of it. This is also where Si comes in...
Si is connecting things in the past to the present. I have always been good at remembering names, faces, and reference to time. I always know if your face looks familiar, and I can almost always connect why. The way I apply it to Te at this point is when I have an idea, and I contemplate on it, I will look to the past to see if there is any connection. For example, when I notice a behavior in myself and I wonder why it is, I will sometimes look back to my childhood in an abstract way and link it to being a possible cause or connection. Say for instance a person has issues with trust and jealousy (a hypothetical, no specific person in mind), I will decipher that as insecurity....what makes a person insecure? So then I might look at what I know about the person and their past...well, this person's Dad was in and out of his life, so perhaps his insecurity is related to the lack of stability in his childhood? Then I will look up how childhood issues such as this can effect the security, self esteem, and confidence of a person later in life to see if it is a plausible connection. I give a lot of human behavior examples simply because that is one of my deepest passions, but this thought process can really be applied to just about anything
Right now I am hyper Si it seems, which is a normal part of the 3rd phase of development for an ENFP. I think it might be similar to when a person has a lazy eye and they wear a patch over their strong eye to force the weak eye to work harder and strengthen itself. I THINK that is what our brains do when we strengthen functions...this is simply a thought I have that comes from Ne (finding the hidden meaning), Fi (I just believe it because it feels true), and Si (connecting it to something I've known in the past ie: the lazy eye). If I want to feel confident in this hypothesis, I will look up information and find facts to support it. If I can't find facts to support it, I will determine it was an incorrect thought
I hope that all makes sense, and sorry this is so long!!