" Using their intuition to process this information, they are usually extremely quick and accurate in their ability to size up a situation. With the exception of their ENFP cousin, the ENTP has a deeper understanding of their environment than any of the other types. "
Source : Personalitypage.com
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Why ENTP's like to debate.
Reason 1 : because of their deeper understanding, ENTP's are likely to find flaws or inefficiencies, in others understanding, and when ENTP's try to correct those flaws or inefficiencies it often turns into a debate or argument. Well in case of ENFP because of their F they will not try correct others.
Deeper understanding is probably because of Ne , which is dominant in only two types , ENTP and ENFP, while ENTP because of secondary T will be able to process it logically hence will have much more confidence in his understanding.
People often misunderstand the ENTP's tendency to correct others as tendency to argue, showoff - showing how awesome ENTP is,
or one upping.
Well in most of the cases ENTP would likely to do that only because, he/she wants to help the other person to understand things better.
This process of helping others to understand things better by communication which naturally is debate but often converts into an argument depends who you are debating with.
The confidence of ENTP in his understanding is natural because of Ne backed by Ti, but others may perceive it as cockiness.
Remember Ne is commonsense and T is ability to logically process and verify the things. Ne backed by Ti is a very powerful combination.
Reason 2 : debates are a method of excellent intellectual exchange, and hence further refine our understanding.
Reason 3: Its fun to mentally screw others, and ENTP's can easily do that. You would like to utilize this power on idiots or people who endanger others due to their foolishness, like idiotic administration or foolish government policies.